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Institute research focuses on labor markets by addressing several core areas: the causes of unemployment and the effectiveness of social safety net programs in mitigating its effects; education and training systems to improve workers’ employability and earnings; and the influence of state and local economic development policies on local labor markets. The Institute also assesses emerging trends affecting workers and labor markets in its core research areas.

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Job Quality & Economic Security

Our research explores not just the number of jobs, but also the quality of those jobs and how well they support stable households and communities.

Social Insurance & Safety Net

Examinations of social safety net programs are central to the Upjohn Institute’s mission to address causes and solutions to unemployment. Our research assesses effectiveness of current social insurance programs and explores other strategies to keep people in stable jobs and minimize the effect of economic downturns.

Education & Workforce Development

Building and maintaining skills for the labor force is a lifelong process, starting with prekindergarten programs and continuing throughout a worker’s career. The Upjohn Institute’s research elucidates how each learning stage and program contributes to a strong workforce.

Economic Development

Upjohn Institute research offers insight into specific industries and the labor market as a whole, from locally to nationally and internationally and from both the supply and demand sides. Focal areas include manufacturing, tax incentives and regional collaboration.

Working Papers
March 2026
Author(s): Michael Davies, R. Jisung Park, Anna Stansbury
How do minimum wage changes affect workplace amenities? Using the universe of claims from California, the US’ largest workers’ compensation system, over 2000-2019, we exploit geographic variation in state- and city-level minimum wages and local occupation-level variation in exposure to minimum wage changes to estimate whether minimum wage increases affect the rate of workplace injuries. We find a large adverse effect of raising minimum wages on injuries. A 10% increase in the minimum wage increases the injury rate by 7.2% in an occupation-metro area labor market which is fully exposed to the minimum wage increase. Our results imply an elasticity of workplace injury rates to minimum-wage-induced wage changes of 2.2. We find particularly large effects on injuries relating to cumulative physical strain, suggesting that employers may respond to minimum wage increases by intensifying the pace of work, which in turn increases injury risk. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that the increase in injury risk offsets 19% of the welfare improvement workers see as a result of higher wages.
March 2026
Author(s):Gonzalo Ares de Parga-Regalado, Marta Prato
This paper examines how declining migration opportunities to the United States affect local labor markets in Mexico. Using novel micro-level data from consular identification cards and deportations, we link individuals’ Mexican municipalities of origin to their U.S. destination states. We implement a shift-share design based on historical migration networks and exploit regional variation in exposure to changes in U.S. migration flows between 2017 and 2022 to identify the local labor market effects of reduced emigration while controlling for involuntary repatriations. While we find no impact on overall employment rates, regions more exposed to the decline in migration experience an increase in the share of formal employment and lower formal private-sector wages. These results suggest that reduced migration opportunities expand the labor supply in the formal sector, putting downward pressure on pay.
February 2026
Author(s):Chloe Gibbs, Esra Kose, Maria Rosales Rueda
Women’s employment remains highly sensitive to childcare constraints, making childcare availability a critical lever for supporting mothers’ labor force attachment. We study the effects of expanded full-day programming in Head Start, using the 2016 federal funding initiative that targeted grantees with low full-day enrollment. Linking administrative program data, geo-coded center locations, and household data on employment, we estimate a difference-in-differences design by comparing mothers of young children in treated and untreated areas. The policy increased full-day enrollment by 19 percent and raised single mothers’ employment (1.9%), hours (2.5%), and earnings (6.5%). Results show that extending program duration meaningfully improves maternal labor market outcomes.
October 2025
Author(s): Mark Borgschulte, Yuci Chen, Eduardo Medina-Cortina
We estimate the effect of the Mexican drug war on Mexico-to-U.S. migration and the resulting effects on population, employment, and wages in U.S. labor markets. Our empirical strategy compares U.S. counties differentially connected to Mexican municipalities through historical migration networks, using drug violence triggered by close municipal elections in 2007–2008 as a source of exogenous variation. Over the following decade, migrants fleeing the violence—the vast majority of whom are undocumented—cause native-born U.S. workers’ employment rates to increase and unemployment rates to fall, while wages do not change. Employment gains are largest for natives without a college degree. Employment effects fade after a decade.
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CWIS Logo

The W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research's Center for Workforce Innovation and Solutions (CWIS) manages employment and training services in southwest Michigan. Through collaborative partnerships and a comprehensive, intersectional approach, CWIS strives to develop and implement high quality services and systemic changes that result in positive impacts for both workers and employers.

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Michigan Works! Southwest

Michigan Works! Southwest manages federal and state programs that prepare the workforce to meet the current and emerging needs of business and industry. Through fostering collaborative partnerships, its team is dedicated to continuous improvement and meaningful transformations in the people, businesses, and communities it serves.

Employer Resource Network

The Employer Resource Network® collaborates with employers, non-profits, community colleges, and the public sector to provide individualized services aimed at improving employee retention and productivity. ERN transforms companies, employees, and communities through its onsite Success Coaching model, the support and growth of existing ERNs, the development of new networks, peer learning across all partners, and evaluation to demonstrate high impact.

Pulse

Pulse collaborates with key partners to ensure resources are available for providing equitable access to early childhood development experiences, to create and improve learning environments, and to promote the healthy development of children. The foundational belief is that when children thrive, the entire community benefits.

Neighborhood Employment Hubs

Overseen by Michigan Works! Southwest, Neighborhood Employment Hubs provide comprehensive employment services to residents in marginalized communities in Battle Creek, Michigan. Customized employment services include community service, job placement, employability skills building, or training opportunities. 

 

New report examines workforce dynamics in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula

Iryna Lendel, Chloe Wieber, Sevrin Williams, Gerrit Anderson, Lee Adams

April 10, 2026

The Regional team’s focus is on applied economic research and technical assistance. It addresses issues in regional economies, economic development, workforce/occupational development, evaluation, public policy development and economic impact modeling and analysis. The team assists corporate, nonprofit, economic and workforce development entities along with all levels of government in problem resolution and strategic decision making. Besides offering a comprehensive set of economic development services, the Upjohn regional team also provides land use and resource planning, mapping capabilities, and the Regional Datahub.

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Resources

Brad J. Hershbein, Timothy J. Bartik, Iryna Lendel, Sevrin Williams
October 30, 2025
Iryna Lendel, Sevrin Williams, Gerrit Anderson
September 18, 2025
Regional Strategies and Industrial Clusters

Our focus is on examining the competitiveness and dynamics of industries and clusters, analyzing the resources available in a region that support businesses and how they contribute to job creation and economic growth. We also conduct in-depth studies of specific regions to understand their economic structure, workforce, physical infrastructure, and other resources.

Community Assessment, Analysis, and Policy

We analyze local economic and cultural data to help communities develop policies and strategies for improving their economic and social environments. Drawing on research from successful models, we provide expertise in addressing community issues.

Workforce and Talent Assessments

With our workforce development projects, we continue the legacy of Dr. Upjohn, who created a co-op farm during the Great Depressions where displaced workers could provide for their families. By understanding the wages and skills of workers, we craft workforce strategies to help a region or community grow its economy. Our work includes wage and benefit surveys, workforce education and skill gap analysis, migration, commuting pattern analysis, and more.

Infrastructure and Land Use Policy

We support local governments and economic development agencies by creating master plans, land-use plans, broadband plans, and transportation plans, helping communities optimize the use of shared resources so the community can flourish now and in the future.

Housing Analysis and Planning

We create housing plans that provide current assessment data, supply and demand information, and strategies for a balanced community. We also offer collaboration opportunities and policy recommendations to address the existing gaps in the housing market, fostering workforce expansion and economic growth.

Conducting Surveys

Often, the right data to inform a project does not exist. We use surveys to collect primary data bridge this gap, generating unique datasets and uncovering valuable insights not found elsewhere. From empowering local businesses with wage and benefit data to informing housing plans through community input, surveys gather primary data to fuel research and connect stakeholders, driving informed decisions.

Emily Petz, Lee Adams, Gerrit Anderson, Dakota McCracken, and Brian Pittelko
Emily Petz, Lee Adams, Gerrit Anderson, Dakota McCracken, and Brian Pittelko
Geospatial Analysis

Geographic Information Systems tools store, visualize, and analyze spatial data, offering crucial insights for planning and economic development. We leverage geospatial analysis (spatial data enrichment and aggregation, overlay analysis, and point pattern analysis) to provide valuable insight into regional data that traditional methods of analysis overlook. Moreover, we use web- based mapping tools to visualize spatial data for our clients and partners to access the same data without requiring specialized software.

Evaluation

We provide program evaluation to assess and improve the impact of social interventions such as new treatment methods, service innovations, and other practices and initiatives. We seek to understand precisely why the changes occur by studying purpose and original objectives, what was predicted and achieved, how it was accomplished, the role of specific players, and factors affecting implementation.

Economic Impact Analysis

We conduct economic impact analysis that helps communities understand the significance of industries or companies in their local economy, assess job implications from economic changes, and determine appropriate investment strategies. These studies provide quantitative estimates of how the local economy, or a specific region, responds to a stimulus, whether positive or negative. By tracing connections across various economic sectors, they calculate multiplier effects, demonstrating how initial impacts ripple through the economy. Regions for economic impact analysis can vary, ranging from municipalities to larger geographic areas with shared economic characteristics, such as a county, metropolitan statistical areas, state, or Census regions.

Skills
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checkboard and pencil
Conducting Surveys


Often, the right data to inform a project does not exist. We use surveys to collect primary data bridge this gap, generating unique datasets and uncovering valuable insights not found elsewhere. From empowering local businesses with wage and benefit data to informing housing plans through community input, surveys gather primary data to fuel research and connect stakeholders, driving informed decisions.
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checkboard and pencil
Evaluation
We provide program evaluation to assess and improve the impact of social interventions such as new treatment methods, service innovations, and other practices and initiatives. We seek to understand precisely why the changes occur by studying purpose and original objectives, what as predicted and achieved, how it was accomplished, the role of specific players, and factors affecting implementation. In addition to tracking measurable outcomes in dashboards and modeling data with quantitative experiments, we also use qualitative methods such as surveys, focus groups, and interviews to provide recommendations on developing policies that improve a process, project, or specific intervention.
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checkboard and pencil
Economic Impact Analysis
We conduct economic impact analysis that helps communities understand the significance of industries or companies in their local economy, assess job implications from economic changes, and determine appropriate investment strategies. These studies provide quantitative estimates of how the local economy, or a specific region, responds to a stimulus, whether positive or negative. By tracing connections across various economic sectors, they calculate multiplier effects, demonstrating how initial impacts ripple through the economy. Regions for economic impact analysis can vary, ranging from municipalities to larger geographic areas with shared economic characteristics, such as a county, metropolitan statistical areas, state, or Census regions.
Image
checkboard and pencil
Geospatial Analysis


Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools store, visualize, and analyze spatial data, offering crucial insights for planning and economic development. We leverage geospatial analysis (spatial data enrichment and aggregation, overlay analysis, and point pattern analysis) to provide valuable insight into regional data that traditional methods of analysis overlook. Moreover, we use web-based mapping tools to expose and visualize spatial data for our clients and partners to access the same data without requiring specialized software.
Displaying 361 - 380 of 5239 results.