Since the 1970s, women’s participation in the United States workforce has increased significantly.
As a result, two-parent families have shifted from one working parent and one at-home parent to two working parents. In 1996, major reforms to the welfare system meant that more low-income, single mothers joined the workforce.
Upjohn research has examined how women’s employment has changed over time, how welfare reform affected work-family balance, and how nonstandard work hours affect mothers’ caregiving time with children.
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